≡ Menu

Some Links

Mark Penn and Andrew Stein make clear that the electoral trouncing of the GOP was not chiefly the result of the war in Iran. A slice:

According to the Harvard CAPS/Harris poll, 58% of voters were unhappy with the economy when they showed Democrats the door in 2024, compared with 64% late last month. They were happier with the economy when Donald Trump was elected, but that faded month after month, showing the biggest decline when tariffs were issued and then when Democratic campaign ads were in full swing. Among voters supporting Democrats, 86% said they were unhappy with the economy. Ahead of the midterms, only 5% of voters ranked foreign policy as the most important issue facing the country. To the extent that the war was a factor, it was in large part because of the spike in gasoline and diesel prices.

Megan McArdle points out that many of the Democrats elected last week to Congress will have to deal with the fiscal reckoning that awaits Social Security and other ‘entitlements.’ Two slices:

In the last quarter of 2032, the Social Security trust fund dedicated to retirees is scheduled to run out of money. (There is another trust fund for disability insurance, which is better funded but comparatively small.) At that point, by law, benefits are supposed to be cut to match outflows to inflows, which would mean an across-the-board cut of over 20 percent. Six months later, the Medicare hospital insurance program will deplete its trust fund and is scheduled for an 11 percent cut in reimbursements.

…..

Because we’ve waited so long, all of the options are now bad. Perhaps you have heard that there is an easy fix: just eliminate the cap on payroll taxes, which applies only to the first $184,500 of income. Actually, this fix is neither easy nor complete. A 12.4 percent tax hike on every dollar earned above $184,500 would be one of the largest tax hikes since World War II, aimed squarely at the affluent professional base. Yet it would generate surpluses for only a few years and cover about half the program’s long-term shortfall. If we assume that the employer portion of payroll taxes ultimately comes out of wages — and we should — it would also raise the marginal tax rate on higher earners to 50 percent or more in high-tax blue states, leaving little fiscal space for new spending or for fixing Medicare.

The other options are just as politically unappetizing: raising the retirement ages and trimming back benefits for higher-income seniors. Some combination of these things has to happen. Any combination will make a lot of people mad. If Congress tries to punt — passing temporary fixes with borrowed money — America will never get its fiscal act together, resulting in higher interest rates to keep financing our massive deficits. There’s a real risk of a major economic crisis.

Anyone elected to the Senate this year will be responsible for those painful choices. So will any House member who manages to stick around for a couple of terms. And the next president will be the focal point of any blowback.

Clark Packard hopes Democrats have the courage to do what’s right regarding Trump’s tariffs punitive taxes on Americans’ purchases of imports. A slice:

A Democratic Congress can pass bills to eliminate virtually all Trump tariffs and reform tariff powers, requiring Republicans to vote on them. Likewise, Democrats can attach limits to must-pass spending bills, use their oversight powers to examine how the Trump tariffs were assembled and why they were imposed, and write laws that a future president can sign. The public is already on board: in a Cato survey this spring, 70 percent of voters said presidents should be required to get explicit congressional approval before imposing tariffs, including 56 percent of Republicans. On Election Day, about 7 in 10 voters told the AP Voter Poll that Congress isn’t doing enough to check this deeply unpopular president.

Allysia Finley identifies what’s rotten in the state of MAGA. A slice:

Last week’s Republican bloodbath has the ingredients of a Shakespearean tragedy. A leader brought down by overweening pride. Schemers and sycophants who goad him into taking actions against his interests. Innocents who become collateral damage.

Like King Lear, President Trump is a fool for flattery. He demands ostentatious displays of loyalty that are often insincere. “Which of you shall we say doth love us most?” Lear asks his daughters. JD Vance doth say. So too profess Stephen Miller, Howard Lutnick and Bill Pulte.

Mr. Trump rewards brown-nosers who seek to bolster their own power and banishes those he perceives as disloyal. Take North Carolina Sen. Thom Tillis, who became persona non grata after he criticized the president’s tariffs and blanket pardons of Jan. 6 rioters. The president’s refusal to abide criticism insulated him from sage advice that might have prevented his descent in public approval and the GOP’s election wreckage.

“I am a man more sinned against than sinning,” the aggrieved Lear rages on the heath after being cast out by his sycophantic daughters. After the election, Mr. Trump delivered a Truth Social soliloquy: “FoxNews bears responsibility for these losses by constantly and consistently putting on the Dumocrat opposition, and worse.”

He faulted GOP candidates who tried to distance themselves from his unpopular tariff and immigration policies. “Some of the candidates that I endorsed fought me,” Mr. Trump said. MAGA voters “didn’t like that they fought me,” though exit polls showed that it was non-MAGA Republicans and independents who turned against Republicans.

A common theme in Shakespeare is the danger of nursing grievances and grudges. Hamlet becomes consumed by a self-destructive need to avenge his father’s murder at the hands of his uncle Claudius. Though Hamlet ultimately succeeds, he, his beloved Ophelia and most of their families die as a result.

The president has let revenge consume his presidency, as he has waged retribution against John Bolton, James Comey, Letitia James and others. Such vendettas became political distractions and exhausted the patience of Americans.

“Hamlet” also offers a lesson in the insidious nature of political corruption. “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark,” the palace guard Marcellus observes. Voters took the same view of the Trump administration and the Republican party.

Over the past two years, voters have been confronted with a steady dribble of stories about the Trump family’s crypto schemes. This fall brought reports that a Russian oligarch helped bankroll Donald Trump Jr.’s Bahamas wedding and that former Ambassador Kimberly Guilfoyle sought $100,000 from a GOP donor to pay off a credit-card debt.

Grifters in the Trump administration call to mind the buffoonish Sir John Falstaff in “Henry IV, Part 1” who engages in disreputable activities and enriches himself by exploiting his friendship with the young Prince Hal. “What is honour? A word. What is in that word ‘honour’? What is that ‘honour’? Air,” Falstaff muses.

Mr. Trump and his coterie may view honor as immaterial, but corruption ranked at the top of voters’ concerns in polls. Yes, Americans are unhappy about high gasoline prices from the war in Iran and persistent inflation. But the killer was that while they struggled to pay bills, Mr. Trump and his hangers-on looked to be enriching themselves. In exit polls 62% of voters said that the president put his personal interests over the interests of the country.

Arnold Kling predicts that a “coalition of the militants” will ensure that Democrats continue to rule from the far left.

My intrepid Mercatus Center colleague, Veronique de Rugy, talks with GMU alums Dave Hebert and Tom Savidge about the blue wave and the future of economic policy in the U.S.

Scott Lincicome tweets: “AI & data centers drove recent US manufacturing job growth.”

{ 0 comments }

Quotation of the Day…

… is from Ronald Reagan’s August 13, 1986, statement issued on the 25th anniversary of the raising of the Berlin Wall:

Those who built and maintain the Berlin Wall pretend it is permanent. It cannot be. One day it – and all those like it – will come down. As long as the wall stands, it can never be porous enough for free men and women in the West, and freedom-loving men and women in the East, to tolerate it. Freedom, not repression, is the way of the future.

DBx: The Berlin Wall, of course, did indeed come down – was razed – 37 years ago today, on November 9th, 1989, three years after Reagan predicted its fall.

Reagan’s optimism is worthy of applause. But I fear that it’s excessive. History – including much of it since that glorious day 37 years ago – reveals that humanity is heavily populated with individuals who itch to order their fellow human beings about, as well as with people who are eager, or at least willing, to be ordered about. Still, let us celebrate the collapse of 20th-century communism.

{ 0 comments }

Markets or Politicians?

Here’s a letter to the Wall Street Journal.

Your November 6th page features an interesting inconsistency. Jim Secreto writes that “private capital alone hasn’t secured our supply chains because markets have underpriced the risk for too long” (“Trump, the New Congress and the Solyndra Probe”). To remedy this alleged market failure, he – although acknowledging the dangers of political interference in markets – would have politicians override market assessments of risk and direct capital toward industries that they deem to be strategically important

In contrast, Jeff Yass explains that “it is arrogant to believe you know more than the market, and you’d be a fool to listen to a pundit who says he does” (“There’s No Such Thing as a Stock-Market Bubble”)

I’m with Mr. Yass. The fact that markets don’t eliminate particular risks is no evidence that they underprice those risks. And economic theory and history give us ample reason to doubt that politicians and bureaucrats can match – let alone surpass – the success of markets at assessing risks and allocating capital. The case for markets isn’t that they are always right. They aren’t. Instead, the case for markets is that they are more likely to be right than are politicians and bureaucrats.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

{ 0 comments }

Some Links

Douglas Holtz-Eakin tells why Trump’s tariffs were (to put it mildly) a mistake. Two slices:

Of the many losers in this year’s midterm election, one stands out: President Trump’s populist economic platform. Many Republicans have always known that Trumponomics is a false promise. On Election Day, America showed that it agrees. The best course forward — for Republicans or any other politicians seeking a record of economic success — is a return to traditional limited-government values.

Trumponomics is a Frankenstein’s monster that mashes together progressive, conservative and origin-unknown economic and fiscal policies. The good elements are effective but few: pro-growth tax policy and a rollback of the regulatory overreach of past administrations. The bad list is lengthy: protectionist tariffs, government stakes in private industry, price-setting, payoffs to favored constituencies and the abdication of responsible fiscal stewardship.

Take tariffs. Imposing protectionist taxes on imports has had prominent supporters on the left, with generations of leaders from that side — John Dingell, Richard Gephardt, Bernie Sanders — who have built economic platforms including them. For the past quarter century or so, right-leaning populist commentators have pushed for aggressive use of tariffs, too. The idea of sweeping tariffs seems popular. The reality is not.

Mr. Trump began saddling the country with relatively limited new tariffs in his first term, and the Biden administration mostly continued them. On “Liberation Day” in 2025, Mr. Trump blitzed Americans with new tariffs on a scale and scope not seen for a century. Traditional conservatives understood what this really meant: large tax increases that hit low-income families hardest and damaged small businesses and entrepreneurs. The public response was also unsurprising: With costs going up, the tariffs became deeply unpopular.

Politically, this episode flipped the script. Democrats developed an anti-tariff fervor, spending nearly $60 million on ads attacking Republicans who supported the tariffs. The upshot? Tariffs are a political loser.

The administration can’t even argue that its tariffs have brought jobs and manufacturing back to America. Look at steel tariffs, initially imposed in Mr. Trump’s first term, retained by President Joe Biden and raised again by Mr. Trump in his second term. If Trump-style populist economics were right, the country should have had a surge in new steel mills and in employment in the industry. Yet after nearly a decade, the needle has barely moved on either. The nation has seen a large increase in steel prices, though, and that has driven up the costs of things such as housing and canned food.

Apparently still under the impression that government intervention can help the economy — or at least himself, politically — Mr. Trump has tried to appeal to key voter blocs with insalubrious handouts. The president has offered $5,000 checks, Medicare “rebates,” Obamacare “refunds,” diesel subsidies and aid to farmers to offset their losses stemming from tariffs. These failed to improve Republicans’ midterm chances — or enhance economic growth. The money would have been better spent if it had remained in the private economy rather than taxed and redistributed according to the president’s whim. Or the Treasury could have retained it and kept the deficit a little lower.

The lack of interest in fixing America’s increasingly dangerous budget situation is another irresponsible element of Trumponomics, which holds that huge, expensive entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security should remain untouched. The federal deficit in the 2026 fiscal year was about $2 trillion, or around 6 percent of gross domestic product. (By contrast, deficits averaged only 2.1 percent of G.D.P. from 1960 to 2000.) Publicly held federal debt now equals G.D.P. and is projected to rise uncontrollably in the future. Borrowing costs, faith in the government’s solvency and the security of the dollar are all on the line, and Mr. Trump has no plausible plan to deal with the problem.

…..

To be fair, the president’s agenda is not all bad. The Trump administration’s efforts to control the regulatory state have worked. It permits federal agencies a limited budget of regulatory costs that they may impose on businesses, and it enforces this restraint. In the past, Republicans spoke about the need to control red tape but often failed to act. Mr. Trump demanded action and got it. Future administrations should copy this regulatory budget policy, limiting the economically costly overgrowth of the state.

Similarly, the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act delivered long-overdue business tax reforms, cutting taxes on corporations to a rate that enables us to compete internationally, rewards retention of intellectual property in the United States and promotes business research, development and investment. The G.O.P.’s 2025 reconciliation law fine-tuned business taxation and made the investment incentives permanent, so businesses now have the certainty they need.

There is a pattern here: Trumponomics worked when it removed government from economic decisions; when it put government rather than individuals and businesses in charge, it failed. The most damaging notion in populist thinking is that government is the source of material prosperity — that the state knows better than business about what investments are valuable or than families about how to achieve work-life balance.

A return to a traditional platform of contained, efficient government with a well-targeted social safety net and a responsible budget will best serve the country’s economic needs. Now that Americans can see that populist economics have failed, leaders who embrace this platform might win some elections, too.

Cato Institute economist Ryan Bourne makes clear that “tariffs, [budget] deficits and an energy shock have handed the Republicans the same verdict on inflation that voters gave Biden two years ago.” Two slices:

The truth, however, is that discontent with Trump on inflation was growing pre-Iran. President Trump’s net approval on inflation in the Economist/YouGov poll slid steadily throughout 2025, even as real average hourly earnings were improving. By February 2026, before any strikes, Trump’s net approval on inflation had fallen to –28, a level not dissimilar to that Joe Biden suffered in the dying days of his presidency.

…..

Enormous ongoing budget deficits are putting upward pressure on interest rates. Demanding the Federal Reserve cut rates could’ve de-anchored inflation expectations somewhat, while Trump’s recent ode to inflating away the national debt sent the same signal. Deportations, and the fear of them, disrupted agriculture and construction.

The Washington Post‘s Editorial Board explains what shouldn’t – but, alas, what today nevertheless does – need explaining: “The government should not gamble taxpayer dollars on politically timed industrial projects.” Two slices:

In addition to tariff protection, which raises prices for everyone who buys anything made with steel, Mesabi Metallics is set to receive $1.3 billion in public support for the project. Iowa had to change its laws to allow for such generous corporate welfare. A handful of Republican lawmakers in Des Moines initially opposed the giveaway, out of concern for taxpayers, but most fell in line.

…..

Politicians in Washington don’t know what’s best for Lee County. Protectionism and corporate welfare always undermine the free market. If they can’t even deliver votes, they really serve no purpose.

Lance Izumi decries the anti-educational consequences of the false portrayal of equal outcomes in schools. A slice:

Equity in education has come to mean something very different from equal opportunity. Rather than giving every student the same opportunity to succeed based on merit and hard work, equity increasingly focuses on producing equal outcomes, even when doing so means changing grading, discipline, curriculum, and academic expectations.

Consider equity-based grading, which can include giving students partial credit for work they never submit, eliminating penalties for late assignments, allowing repeated test retakes, and eliminating D’s and F’s from the grading scale. Teachers themselves have raised serious concerns about those practices. A 2025 Fordham Institute study found that 81 percent of teachers considered giving partial credit for assignments never turned in harmful, while only 8 percent considered the practice helpful. Students also understand how these practices undermine their education.

Arnold Kling rightly sticks to his libertarian principles regarding data centers.

My former Mercatus Center colleague Josh Pauzé reports on this troubling development: “White House Warns Conservative Groups It Is ‘Monitoring’ What They Say Amid Discontent Over Midterm Results.”

My Mercatus Center colleague Rebecca Lowe reviews Rainer Zitelmann’s new book on space exploration.

{ 0 comments }

Quotation of the Day…

… is from pages 127-128 of Thomas Sowell’s 2023 book, Social Justice Fallacies:

Intellectual elites may imagine that they have all the consequential knowledge required to create the social justice world they seek, despite considerable evidence to the contrary. But, even if they were somehow able to handle the knowledge problem, there still remains the problem of having enough power to do all that would need to be done. That is not just a problem for intellectual elites. It is an even bigger problem – and danger – for the people who might give them that power.

DBx: Yes.

Almost no one would allow his or her neighbors – even though these are people who are personally known and considered to be friends – confiscate large chunks of his or her wealth and liberties. Yet very many people think nothing of allowing strangers who excel at winning elections confiscate large chunks of their wealth and liberties. Very many people really do believe that being invested with government power, especially if that investiture is done democratically, transforms ordinary humans into superhumans.

Strange belief, that. For humanity’s sake, hopefully one day this superstition will be dispensed with in the same manner as we’ve dispensed with superstitious beliefs in witches, ghosts, and phrenology.

{ 0 comments }

Thomas Sowell and William Buckley

I assumed that I had already shared here at Cafe Hayek this recording of a 1983 appearance of Thomas Sowell on William Buckley’s Firing Line (with an appearance also by Robert Lekachman). My assumption is mistaken. I now remedy this oversight.

{ 0 comments }

Here’s a letter to National Review.

Editor:

Dan McLaughlin is correct that the U.S. economy is generally performing worse so far during Trump’s second term than performed during the comparable period of his first term (“Trump Lost the Voters’ Trust on the Economy Before the War,” November 6).

Consider these comparisons of economic performance from January 2025 through September 2026 with the performance during the corresponding period of Trump’s first term, January 2017 through September 2018.

Inflation, measured by the personal consumption expenditures price index, was 5.45% under Trump 2.0, compared with 2.98% under Trump 1.0.

The unemployment rate rose from 4.0% to 4.2% under Trump 2.0, while falling from 4.7% to 3.7% under Trump 1.0.

Total nonfarm employment grew by only 0.54% under Trump 2.0, compared with 2.56% under Trump 1.0.

Manufacturing employment fell by 0.09% under Trump 2.0, compared with a 3.05% rise under Trump 1.0.

Real average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers rose by only 0.50% under Trump 2.0, compared with 1.73% under Trump 1.0.

Real median weekly earnings fell by 0.80% under Trump 2.0, compared with an increase of 0.57% under Trump 1.0.

Industrial production rose by 3.88% under Trump 2.0, compared with 5.41% under Trump 1.0.

Real gross private domestic investment increased by 4.71% under Trump 2.0, compared with 10.04% under Trump 1.0.

The real stock of foreign direct investment in the U.S. increased by only 1.72% under Trump 2.0, compared with 7.28% under Trump 1.0.

Real exports of goods and services rose by 2.08% under Trump 2.0, compared with 2.85% under Trump 1.0.

Real GDP increased by 4.06% under Trump 2.0, compared with 4.53% under Trump 1.0.

Federal debt held by the public, measured as a percentage of GDP, rose under Trump 2.0 (through the second quarter of 2026) from 96.4% to 97.4%, compared with a slight decline over the corresponding period of Trump 1.0, from 75.6% to 75.2%.

Of course, the economy under Trump 2.0 didn’t perform worse in every respect. Industrial capacity, for example, rose by 2.16% under Trump 2.0 but fell by 0.79% under Trump 1.0. And real per-capita GDP grew at nearly identical rates under the two administrations: 3.57% under Trump 2.0 and 3.58% under Trump 1.0.

Nevertheless, by many relevant measures, the American economy performed worse – and often much worse – over the first half of Trump 2.0 than it performed over the first half of Trump 1.0. It’s little wonder that voters today are less impressed with Trump’s economic stewardship than they were at the corresponding point in his first term.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

Notes: (1) Comparisons use mostly monthly data, but the foreign-direct-investment figures, and federal debt figures, are based on quarterly observations. (2) Inflation figures measure cumulative increases in the price level, not annualized inflation rates. (3) Nominal figures above are adjusted for inflation using the personal-consumption-expenditure index. (4) Data for Q3 2026 federal debt as a percentage of GDP will not be released until later this month.

UPDATE:

In response to my earlier letter to National Review, a friend wrote to suggest that a better starting point for each of the two Trump administrations is three months after each inauguration day. The idea is to ensure that data from the new administration isn’t corrupted by hold-over data from the previous administration. Here’s a revised letter that takes account of this reasonable suggestion.

Don

……………

Editor, National Review

Editor:

Dan McLaughlin is correct that the U.S. economy has generally performed worse during Trump’s second term than during the comparable period of his first term (“Trump Lost the Voters’ Trust on the Economy Before the War,” November 6).

To allow each administration three months to get underway, consider these comparisons of economic performance from April 2025 through September 2026 with the performance during the corresponding period of Trump’s first term, April 2017 through September 2018.

Inflation, measured by the personal consumption expenditures price index, was 4.83% under Trump 2.0, compared with 2.70% under Trump 1.0.

The unemployment rate was 4.2% in September 2026, compared with 3.7% in September 2018.

Total nonfarm employment grew by only 0.41% under Trump 2.0, compared with 2.18% under Trump 1.0.

Manufacturing employment was unchanged under Trump 2.0, compared with growth of 2.77% under Trump 1.0.

Real average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers rose by only 0.03% under Trump 2.0, compared with 1.45% under Trump 1.0.

Real median weekly earnings fell by 1.60% under Trump 2.0, compared with no change under Trump 1.0.

Industrial production rose by 2.79% under Trump 2.0, compared with 4.08% under Trump 1.0.

Real gross private domestic investment increased by 8.07% under Trump 2.0, compared with 8.33% under Trump 1.0.

The inflation-adjusted stock of foreign direct investment in the U.S. increased by 1.15% under Trump 2.0, compared with 5.08% under Trump 1.0.

Real GDP increased by 2.0 by 3.04% under Trump 2.0, compared with 3.94% under Trump 1.0.

Real per-capita GDP rose by 2.7% under Trump 2.0 compared to a rise of 3.2% under Trump 1.0.

And federal debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP rose from 94.6% in the second quarter of 2025 to 97.4% in the second quarter of 2026, compared with an increase from approximately 73.9% to 75.2% over the corresponding quarters of Trump 1.0.

Of course, the economy under Trump 2.0 didn’t perform worse in every respect. Industrial capacity, for example, rose by 1.79% under Trump 2.0 but fell by 0.73% under Trump 1.0. Real exports of goods and services grew by 4.28% under Trump 2.0, compared with 3.12% under Trump 1.0.

Nevertheless, by most of these measures, the American economy performed better – sometimes much better – during the comparable period of Trump’s first term than during his second.

Sincerely,

Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

Notes: Monthly comparisons run from April through September of the following year. Quarterly comparisons generally run from the second quarter through the third quarter of the following year. The FDI and federal-debt comparisons end in the second quarter of 2026. Real hourly earnings and FDI are adjusted using the PCE price index.

{ 0 comments }

Some Links

Arnold Kling rants justly. Two slices:

Who gave you the right to tell someone that they cannot put up a data center?

I thought that this country was founded with a belief in property rights. That means an absolute right to decide what to build on your property, as long as it does not harm anyone else.

The alleged harm of data centers is that they use water and electricity. If you cannot use water and electricity without losing your property rights, then voters can steal your property at a whim. That is where we are.

…..

Because gas prices are higher than they were before the Iran war. So gas prices are now the entire economy as far as people are concerned. Well, they are visible.

In the 1970s, to try to fight the energy shock, many states passed laws mandating that gas stations prominently display their prices. This was supposed to make competition more effective at holding down the price. Fifty years later, it means that everybody can see the price of gas.

What about the price of government subsidies for health insurance, the price of government subsidies for education, or other government spending?

Imagine if every day you drove past signs showing what the government pays for subsidies to Obamacare, Medicaid, and Medicare. That is where the cost increases really bite.

Imagine if every day you drove past signs showing the cost per student in college, and forcing colleges to compete openly rather than use secret discounts. Imagine you drove past signs showing the cost of K-12 education in public schools, and imagine forcing public schools to compete on equal terms with private schools.

Imagine if every day you drove past signs showing how much government is spending that day. Imagine every day the sign changed to highlight a different government program, including all of the subsidies to interest groups and partisan groups.

From a libertarian perspective, I see the public being kept woefully ignorant.

Scott Lincicome explains that “there’s nothing special about factory jobs.” A slice:

A September study from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland compares manufacturing wages with those of similar workers (same age, education, etc.) in other industries. It finds that the premium US manufacturers paid in the 1980s had turned negative by the early 1990s and, save a blip around 2015, has stayed there. Workers with a high-school diploma or less have faced an even bigger penalty since the late 1980s, excluding only an aberrational pandemic surge. Only college-educated factory workers consistently come out ahead versus their non-manufacturing peers.

The study’s findings are consistent with previous research showing that the long-standing “manufacturing wage premium” has essentially disappeared. For well over a decade, in fact, average hourly earnings for blue-collar (aka “production and nonsupervisory”) workers in manufacturing were significantly less than the same workers in the services sector.

The Cleveland Fed report also deflates the assumption that factory work is much the same today as it was decades ago, when a sole breadwinner with a high-school diploma could count on lifetime job security to support his family and retire comfortably. That may have been true in the early 1980s, when the manufacturing wage premium was positive and almost 80% of industrial workers lacked any college education. By June 2025, however, the US manufacturing workforce had become far more educated: Employees with at least some college outnumbered those without it by a 60.6% to 39.4% margin, and the share of workers with a college degree or higher rose from 10% to roughly 35%.

Here are David Henderson’s thoughts on the 2026 U.S. midterm elections.

Wall Street Journal columnist Matthew Continetti fears that “conservatives who believe in the Constitution, limited government, the rule of law and the Declaration of Independence’s principles of liberty and equality confront a dire prospect: Nov. 3 may foreshadow a period of progressive governance in both parties that would leave Americans poorer, weaker and less free.”

Kate Andrews isn’t buying J.D. Vance’s lame excuse that the GOP’s electoral shellacking was due exclusively to the war in Iran. A slice:

The administration has repeatedly favored indulging conjecture over evidence and flirted with the darker fringes of the American right. Unlike Trump, though, Vance often forgets to wink and nod when he ventures beyond the pale — a device the president has used to great effect, forcing even his fiercest critics to concede that he has a sense of humor. The vice president simply seems sincere when embracing the ugliest elements of MAGA ideology. That includes at times hesitating to condemn far-right streamers, defending the president against accusations that he has used the government to get richer, and referring to Renée Good — the 37-year-old woman that ICE agents killed in January — as “part of a broader left-wing network” targeting officers. Whatever his strategy, Ohio voters revealed it to be fruitless. Fifty-six percent told CBS’s exit poll that ICE had gone too far. Ninety percent said corruption played a considerable factor in their vote for Congress.

Before Tuesday, sensitivity to aggressive and abnormal politicking had been shrugged off as the product of the “blue-pill establishment.” Critics were told they didn’t know “what time it is.” Ohio said otherwise. It showed that Americans are still hungry for decency and normality in their politics. Ramaswamy eventually pulled his ad against Acton. Before its release, her lead was within the margin of error. In the end, she won by eight points. CBS’s exit poll showed that Vance and Ramaswamy each had a 47 percent “strongly unfavorable” rating in Ohio compared with 37 percent for Acton.

Ted Nordhaus remembers his late uncle, the Nobel-laureate economist William Nordhaus. (HT Tyler Cowen)

GMU Econ alum Paul Mueller describes “the French revolt against fiscal reality.” A slice:

There are good reasons to be optimistic and pessimistic about China’s economy. On the plus side, China’s people have strong families, high literacy, and superior savings rates. On the downside, the government is autocratic, the economy is based on state-sponsored investment which will not sustain, entrepreneurship is weak, IP theft is severe, and nobody wants to immigrate there.

Tim Kane argues that the Chinese economy will not grow larger than the U.S. economy. A slice:

There are good reasons to be optimistic and pessimistic about China’s economy. On the plus side, China’s people have strong families, high literacy, and superior savings rates. On the downside, the government is autocratic, the economy is based on state-sponsored investment which will not sustain, entrepreneurship is weak, IP theft is severe, and nobody wants to immigrate there.

Richard Ebeling briefs us on Bastiat.

{ 0 comments }

Quotation of the Day…

… is from pages 26-27 of GMU Econ alums Scott Burns’s and Caleb Fuller’s forthcoming (in February 2027) book, Trade Wars: Why Freedom Trumps Tariffs:

When Americans buy clothing from Vietnam, the dollars we send overseas do not evaporate. Foreigners who receive dollars use them to buy American goods and services, to invest in American businesses and real estate, or to purchase American financial assets such as Treasury bonds. Every dollar that leaves the country to pay for imports creates a corresponding inflow of foreign demand for American exports, American assets, or American investment opportunities.

{ 0 comments }

Dr. Navarro Peddles Protectionist Snake-Oil

Here’s a letter to the Washington Sun.

Editor:

You report that White House trade shaman Peter Navarro insists that tariffs played, in his words, “no role in the inflation and affordability issue” (“Republicans’ Midterm Wipeout Reignites the War Over Tariffs,” November 6).

This statement only further confirms the appalling economic ignorance of Trump’s trade advisers.

Just last month, Navarro boasted that “the Trump tariffs are a protective wall.” Indeed they are – for privileged industries. But this wall dispenses its protection only by raising the prices of those industries’ outputs. If tariffs don’t raise these prices, there is no wall to protect domestic producers from foreign competition.

Navarro might respond – as do some economically misguided pundits – by asserting that, once domestic producers fully scale up behind this protective wall, the prices of their outputs will fall back to where these prices were before the tariffs. This outcome is imaginable, but only barely – for if these producers can achieve these low prices by scaling up, why didn’t they scale up before the tariffs?

But even if we grant this barely imaginable outcome, it doesn’t salvage Navarro’s assertion that Trump’s tariffs did not raise Americans’ cost of living. The reason is that protected American producers increase their outputs only by drawing workers, resources, and capital away from other American producers, reducing the resources available to these other producers and thereby lowering their outputs and raising their prices.

Navarro’s denial of the inescapable reality that tariffs raise prices is an inadvertent admission that the protectionism he peddles – and that the Trump administration shoves down Americans’ throats – is economic snake oil. Fortunately, most Americans, having now choked on this nasty concoction, are aware of this fact.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

{ 0 comments }